Friday, July 19, 2013

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How to use linux as router create virtual lan card Example and Implementations


In this article I will show you that how can you use Linux as a router. Routers are the devices those are used to connect two different networks. Routers are very costly devices. Linux could be a cost effective solution of routing in a small company.
Exam question
Your system is going use as a router for 192.168.0.0/24 and 192.168.1.0/24. Enable the IP forwarding.

Linux as a Router

In this practical we are using three computers. One Linux system will be use for routing and reset two will remain in two different networks. First we will configure the system which is going to play the role of router.
How to create virtual LAN card

Configure server system

You need two LAN card for routing between two networks or you can create virtual LAN card instead of deploying them physically.
To create virtual Ethernet card change directory to /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts
change directory network script
ifcfg-eth0 is the necessary script file for Ethernet 0. Copy this file to the same folder to create new virtual LAN cards.
cp eth0 eth0.1
Now on this newly created virtual LAN card. It could be done by service network restart
service network restart
Run setup command and select network configuration sub window from list
setup
You have two LAN card here, select eth0 from list to assign IP
select eh0
This Ethernet card will be the default gateway of first network set its IP to 192.168.1.254 and click on ok
assign ip
Now select eth0.1 ( This our virtual LAN card which we create in our last sections)
select eth1
Set its IP to 192.168.0.254 This will be the default gateway of other network. Click on OK then quit and quit to come back on command prompt
assign ip eth1
IP forwarding can be enabled by editing in /etc/sysctl.conf file. open this file
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
Locate the net.ipv4. ip_forward = 0 tag. and replace the value 0 to 1. This will enable IP forwarding to permanently . But this require a system reboot.
change value sysctl.conf
If don't want to restart the system you can tell running kernel directly by echo command and kernel will enable the IP forwarding
echo command
now configure our client system. we are using two system one from each network to test the connectivity .
Our first system is a Linux machine run setup command on it
setup commands
assign its IP address to 192.168.0.1 with a default gateway of 192.168.0.254
assign IP address
now restart the network service and check connectivity form its default gateway ( Server IP)
ping
Now go on our other host which we are using a window machine ( You can also use Linux host ) and set IP address to 192.168.1.1 with a default gateway to 192.168.1.254
ip configurations
now open command prompt and test connectivity with default gateway
ping commands
At this point you have completed all necessary step's to enable routing its time to verify this
Test from windows system
ping the Linux host located on other network
ping replay

Test from Linux system

ping the Window host located on other network
ping replay

Configure linux server to deny icmp ping request


ICMP protocol is used by ping command to check the connectivity between two computers. By defaults all Linux servers will response on ICMP request. Hacker can misuse this service. They can generate countless ping requests to your Linux server. This is what called DOS denial of services.
In this article I will show that how can you block ICMP ping request
We will use to two system for this practical. Go on first Linux system and set IP address to 192.168.0.254
assign ip on server
Apply new IP by service network restart command and verify it ifconfig
service network restart
Now go other machine and set IP address to 192.168.0.1 (I am using window machine for testing you can use your Linux machine for it also.)
assign ip
verify new ip by ipconfig
ipconfig
Test connectivity with server by ping commands
ping
You will get reply because all Linux servers are by default configured to response on ICMP ping request.
Now go back on Linux server and configure it to deny ping request.
We need to add deny tag in sysctl.conf file open /etc/sysctl.conf file
vi sysctl.conf
Now add net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1 line in the end of file and save this file
edit in sysclt.conf
Change will take place after restart, reboot system with reboot -f commands
reboot -f
Now try to ping form other system again you will not get replay now
ping
Now other system cannot ping the Linux server but Linux server can ping ohter system as so far our other system have no such service configured. Go on Linux server and pingother system
ifconfig
After doing practical don't forget remove net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1 line form sysctl.conf on server. Otherwise you will not get replay form server that not good at least in classroom lab

Basic network configurations ip, hosts file, portmap and xinetd services


In this article we will discuss all those necessary steps which you need to perform before solving networking related questions in RHCE exam. Don't skip this tutorial, giving few minutes to this could save you from huge problems in exam. All steps are given in a sequences don't skip them whether you them or not.

Check LAN card driver is installed or not.

LAN driver is the top most part for network. To check it run setup command
setup commands
Select network configuration from list

If you see LAN card here mean you have LAN driver
select lan card
if you don't see here anything and Linux drop you back on list manu means you don't have LAN driver. Install is first.
If you don't know how to install LAN driver then follow this link.Installing lan card driver, location of important networking files and descriptions

Check proper IP configuration

All systems on RHCE exam should have an properly configured IP address. During this entire practical we are using three systems. There description is given below Check these systems for properly configured IP address. you can review our pervious article if you feel trouble in IP configuration.Network configuration commands ip ifconfig ping netstat arp mii-tool
Node Operating system Name IP
PC1 Linux RHEL Server 192.168.0.254
PC2 Linux RHEL Client1 192.168.0.1
PC3 Windows XP Client2 192.168.0.2

Change host name

If you have skipped hostname during installation then it would be localhost.localdomain. You can change hostname with hostname command but this change would be temporary. To change hostname permanently do editing in /etc/sysconfig/network.
set computer name as shown in table.
#vi /etc/sysconfig/network
sysconfig
On server system set it to Server and in client system set it Client1
network

Check /etc/hosts files for name resolution

Several Linux server depend name resolution. This file should have entry of all network systems. It will save you from naming related problem. In our network it should look like this on both Linux system Server and Client1
hosts files

Check firewall status

Firewall is the necessary security part of Linux system which is connected to Internet. But in exam we are not going to use Internet so it’s good practice to disable it.
To disable firewall run setup commands
setup
Now select firewall configuration from list and click on run tool
select firewall configurations
Select disable and click on ok and quit to return on command prompt.
diable firewall
System reboot require to take effect so reboot system with reboot -f commands
reboot

Check portmap and xinetd package status

Almost every Linux server needs these two rpm to function properly. First check that these rpm are install or not. If no rpm is install then install them via rpm commands. If you don't know how to install rpm then follow this link.Linux RPM Red Hat's Package Manager
rpm status
If you have rpm then check there status via setup commands
setup
Now select system service from menu
select system service
put a star in front the portmap service
select portmap
Now put star in front the xinetd service
xinetd
Click on ok and select quit to come back on command prompt
Now restart these two service.
service restart
To keep on these services after reboot on then via chkconfig command
chkconfig
After reboot verify their status. It must be in running condition
service status
Once you have successfully completed these steps you are ready to configure the Linux server Good Luck.

How to configure linux telnet server step by step guide Example and Implementation

telnet server is used to login into another system. You can use the telnet command to log in remotely to another system on your network. The system can be on your local area network or available through an Internet connection. Telnet operates as if you were logging in to another system from a remote terminal. You will be asked for a login name and password. In effect, you are logging in to another account on another system. In fact, if you have an account on another system, you could use Telnet to log in to it.
You invoke the Telnet utility with the keyword telnet. If you know the name of the site you want to connect with, you can enter telnet and the name of the site on the Linux command line.
CAUTION The original version of Telnet is noted for being very insecure. For secure connections over a network or the Internet, you should use the Secure Shell (SSH). We will cover SSH server in next article. SSH operate in the same way as the original but use authentication and encryption to secure the Telnet connection. Even so, it is advisable never to use Telnet to log in to your root account. That why by defaults root account is disable for root login.

Configure telnet server

In this example we will configure a telnet server and will invoke connection from client side.
For this example we are using three systems one linux server one linux clients and one window clients. To complete these per quest of telnet server Follow this link
  • A linux server with ip address 192.168.0.254 and hostname Server
  • A linux client with ip address 192.168.0.1 and hostname Client1
  • A windows xp system with ip address 192.168.0.2 and hostname Client2
  • Updated /etc/hosts file on both linux system
  • Running portmap and xinetd services
  • Firewall should be off on server
We have configured all these steps in our pervious article.
We suggest you to review that article before start configuration of telnet server. Once you have completed the necessary steps follow this guide.
Four rpm are required to configure telnet server. telnet, telnet-server, portmap, xinetd check them if not found then install
rpm
Now check telnet, portmap, xinetd service in system service it should be on

#setup
Select System service from list
[*]portmap
[*]xinetd
[*]telnet
Now restart xinetd and portmap service
service restart
To keep on these services after reboot on then via chkconfig command
chkconfig
After reboot verify their status. It must be in running condition
service status
Create a normal user named vinita

On Linux client

ping from telnet server and run telnet command and give user name and password
telnet form linux

On Window client

ping from telnet server and run telnet command
telnet
Give user name and password
user login

How to enable root login from telnet server

On linux server open file securetty
securetty
In the end of file add pts/0 to enable one telnet session for root. if you need to open more telnet session for root and add more pts/1 pts/2 and so on.
editing in securetty
Now restart xinetd and portmap service
service restart
Verfiy from window by login from root
root login telnet